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CC 2014-02-11_09.c. Design Guidelines and Standards for Traffic Way and Station Way NRRO yo INCORPORATED 9Z T MEMORANDUM 1X JULY 10, 1911 C44(40% \ TO: CITY COUNCIL FROM: TERESA MCCLISH, COAMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DIRECTOR BY: MATTHEW DOWNING, ASSISTANT PLANNER SUBJECT: CONSIDERATION OF STAFF PROJECT 13-007; RESOLUTION AMENDING THE DESIGN GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FOR DESIGN OVERLAY DISTRICT (D-2.11) - TRAFFIC WAY AND STATION WAY DATE: JANUARY 28, 2014 RECOMMENDATION: It is recommended that the City Council adopt a Resolution amending the Design Guidelines and Standards for Design Overlay District (D-2.11) — Traffic Way and Station Way. IMPACT ON FINANCIAL AND PERSONNEL RESOURCES: There is no direct financial impact to the City from the recommendation and minimal staff time has been required. BACKGROUND: In October 2003, the City Council approved Design Guidelines and Standards ("Guidelines") for the Traffic Way and Station Way Design Overlay District (D-2.11). The primary purpose of the Traffic Way Mixed Use District is to provide for vehicle sales and services, related retail and office uses and visitor serving facilities convenient to both freeway traffic and vehicles or pedestrians from the nearby Village area. The Guidelines were intended to enhance this specialized mix of uses at the southern gateway to Arroyo Grande. The stated purpose and goals of the Overlay is to "encourage the use of design that will not detract from the neighboring Village districts and to enhance the character and appearance of this southern commercial gateway to the City from Highway 101." The majority of the area is dedicated to auto sales and related uses, which includes the area along a portion of the east side of Station Way, both sides of Traffic Way, and along the south side of Fair Oaks Avenue between Highway 101 and Traffic Way. In this area, the Guidelines limit the permitted uses to automobile and light truck sales and services, or related automobile and light truck sales and services, or related automotive parts stores, repair shops, and similar vehicle sales, services and accessory uses. All Item 9.c. - Page 1 CITY COUNCIL CONSIDERATION OF STAFF PROJECT 13-007; RESOLUTION AMENDING THE DESIGN GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FOR DESIGN OVERLAY DISTRICT (D-2.11) - TRAFFIC WAY AND STATION WAY JANUARY 28, 2014 PAGE 2 other permitted uses and minor use permitted uses are subject to a conditional use permit and must include a finding that vehicle sales and services and/or similar related uses prescribed are not feasible due to site specific building and/or property configuration and conditions. However, on the parcels at the southeast corner of E. Cherry Avenue and Traffic Way (Attachment 1), permitted uses instead are limited to visitor serving uses, including motels and related accessory uses. In this area, all other permitted uses and minor use permitted uses (including vehicle sales and services and similar related uses) are subject to a conditional use permit and must include a finding that visitor services is not feasible due to site specific building and/or property configuration and conditions. The Design Development Overlay District D-2.11 was created by Ordinance 439 C.S. to require the development of design guidelines and standards for the area. Although incorporated by reference into Chapter 16 of the Municipal Code, the Guidelines may be amended by Council resolution. Some modifications have occurred over time to help refine the Guidelines to aid in continuing the 1950's "automobile age" that is dominant in the area of Traffic Way. The Planning Commission reviewed the proposed amendments to the Guidelines at a Public Hearing on January 7, 2013 (Attachment 2). Members of the Commission were supportive of the proposed modifications and agreed that the change in preferred and primary use is logical and would support the City's economic development goals. ANALYSIS OF ISSUES: At the time the Design Guidelines and Standards were first proposed, the E. Cherry Avenue and Traffic Way properties were treated differently for two primary reasons. First, there was discussion with the property owner regarding a conceptual plan to develop a hotel on the site. As a result, the property was also included in the City's hotel/motel economic development strategy, which was approved in 2004. Second, the intent was to encourage visitor serving uses at that end of Traffic Way, which were expected to gradually extend north and eventually connect to the Village Core. It was anticipated that the auto dealerships would eventually relocate to the City's sphere of influence south of the City once a specific plan was developed and approved for the Fredericks and Williams properties. However, a number of circumstances have changed since that time. First of all, no hotel development proposal has come forward. Based on discussions with hotel developers, staff no longer believes the property presents a viable hotel site. As a result, staff has shifted hotel attraction efforts to the Village Core. Therefore, the current requirements for visitor serving uses are no longer feasible or relevant. Item 9.c. - Page 2 CITY COUNCIL CONSIDERATION OF STAFF PROJECT 13-007; RESOLUTION AMENDING THE DESIGN GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FOR DESIGN OVERLAY DISTRICT (D-2.11) - TRAFFIC WAY AND STATION WAY JANUARY 28, 2014 PAGE 3 Second, no alternatives for relocation of the auto dealerships appear viable in the foreseeable future. As a result, it is instead in the City's economic best interest to further support and expand auto sales uses .on Traffic Way. Like many types of businesses, auto sales are more successful when businesses are clustered. Auto sales are increasing and continue to represent a vital portion of the City's revenue base. The recent purchase of Christiansen Chevrolet shows continued demand and support for auto sales at this location. Since the character of Traffic Way is already defined by auto sales and related uses, it is both logical and appropriate to simply extend the requirements so the property at E. Cherry Avenue and Traffic Way are consistent with the remainder of the corridor. Therefore, it is recommended the Guidelines be amended to eliminate visitor serving requirements for the parcels at the southeast corner of E. Cherry Avenue and Traffic Way and this area instead be designated to allow the same auto sales and related uses as permitted in the remainder of Traffic Way. The attached Resolution will effectuate this change. ALTERNATIVES: The following alternatives are presented for consideration: • Approve the Planning Commission's recommendations; • Amend the proposed Resolution and combine the visitor serving designation in addition to the auto sales designation; • Amend the proposed Resolution to maintain the visitor service designation for the parcels at the southeast corner of E. Cherry Avenue and Traffic Way; • Provide staff direction to develop an alternate designation and/or regulations for the parcels at the southeast corner of E. Cherry Avenue and Traffic Way; • Do not approve staffs recommendations and instead remove all special use designations in the Overlay District; • Provide staff with other direction. ADVANTAGES: The proposed changes will: 1) remove obsolete and outdated requirements from the Design Guidelines and Standards for Design Overlay District (D-2.11) — Traffic Way and Station Way; 2) provide for consistency and uniform development along the Traffic Way corridor; and 3) support important economic efforts to reinforce and expand a business sector critical to the City's economic vitality and revenue base. DISADVANTAGES: The changes may result in concerns by the property owner and/or adjacent property owners and residents due to limitations on future development of the subject properties and nature of development resulting from the special use restrictions. Staff believes the proposed amendment is fair to the property owner because it simply makes the Item 9.c. - Page 3 CITY COUNCIL CONSIDERATION OF STAFF PROJECT 13-007; RESOLUTION AMENDING THE DESIGN GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FOR DESIGN OVERLAY DISTRICT (D-2.11) - TRAFFIC WAY AND STATION WAY JANUARY 28, 2014 PAGE 4 regulations consistent with the remainder of Traffic Way, provides uses that are more viable than those set forth in the current restrictions, and increases the viability of the site since auto sales and related uses provide more opportunities to gain economic use of the portion of the property that falls within the existing agricultural buffer. As with any commercial use adjacent to a residential area, any potential impacts on the neighborhood can be best addressed through design conditions and related mitigation set forth on any specific development that is proposed in order to provide a buffer with the neighborhood. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW: In accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), staff has determined that the project is categorically exempt per Section 15305 of the CEQA Guidelines regarding minor alterations in land use limitations. PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND COMMENTS: Notices of the public hearing were sent to all property owners and residents/tenants within 300' of the subject properties, published in The Tribune, and posted at City Hall and on the City's website on January 17, 2014. Staff met with the property owner, Mr. Dorfman, regarding the proposal. Although he has concerns regarding any use restrictions identified in the overlay, he prefers the proposed designation for auto sales over the existing designation for visitor serving uses. At the time of agenda preparation, staff has not received comments regarding the project. Attachments: 1. Map of subject property 2. Final Planning Commission action minutes from January 7, 2014 meeting 3. Existing Traffic Way Enhancement Concept Plan 4. Proposed Traffic Way Enhancement Concept Plan Item 9.c. - Page 4 RESOLUTION NO. A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ARROYO GRANDE AMENDING THE DESIGN GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FOR DESIGN OVERLAY DISTRICT (D- 2.11) — TRAFFIC WAY AND STATION WAY (STAFF PROJECT 13-007); CITYWIDE WHEREAS, the purpose of the D-2.11 Design Overlay District is to encourage the use of design that will not detract from the neighboring Village districts and enhance the character and appearance of this southern commercial gateway to Arroyo Grande; and WHEREAS, the City Council finds that it will further the economic well being of the community to modify the preferred use for properties at the southeastern corner of the intersection at E. Cherry Avenue and Traffic Way to auto mobile services and related uses with the D-2.11 Design Overlay District; and WHEREAS, Section 16.08.010 of the Municipal Code specifies documents that are incorporated by reference into Title 16 of the Municipal Code; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission considered and recommended approval of Staff Project 13-007 at a duly noticed regular meeting on January 7, 2014 in accordance with the Municipal Code, at which time all interested persons were given the opportunity to be heard; and WHEREAS, the City Council finds, after due study and deliberation that the proposed amendment to the Design Guidelines and Standards for Design Overlay District (D- 2.11)— Traffic Way and Station Way is in the economic best interests of the City; and WHEREAS, the City Council finds that that the proposed amendment to the Design Guidelines and Standards will both logically and appropriately extend the already defined character of auto sales and related uses further down Traffic Way; and WHEREAS, the City Council finds that the proposed amendment to the Design Guidelines and Standards is consistent with the purpose and intent of the overlay, which is to encourage the use of design that will not detract from the neighboring Village districts and to enhance the character and appearance of the Southern commercial gateway to the City from Highway 101. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Arroyo Grande hereby amends the Design Guidelines and Standards for Design Overlay District (D-2.11) — Traffic Way and Station Way as shown in Exhibit 'A', attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference. Item 9.c. - Page 5 RESOLUTION NO. PAGE 2 On a motion by Commissioner , seconded by Commissioner and by the following roll call vote to wit: AYES: NOES: ABSENT: the foregoing Resolution was adopted this 28th day of January 2014. Item 9.c. - Page 6 RESOLUTION NO. PAGE 3 TONY FERRARA, MAYOR ATTEST: KELLY WETMORE, CITY CLERK APPROVED AS TO CONTENT: STEVEN ADAMS, CITY MANAGER APPROVED AS TO FORM: TIMOTHY J. CARMEL, CITY ATTORNEY Item 9.c. - Page 7 EXHIBIT A Design Guidelines and Standards for Design Overlay District (D-2.11) - Traffic Way and Station Way Amended by City Council Resolution No. 4480 Resolution No. TRAFFIC WAY Purpose of this Design Overlay District The primary purposes and goals of this district are to encourage the use of design that will not detract from the neighboring Village districts and to enhance the character and appearance of this southern commercial gateway to Arroyo Grande from Freeway 101. Much ,�as��� of the existing development in the area is modern, there are many buildings and sites reflecting the former highway route, prior to Freeway 101, from the 1920's through 1950's. The intent of these guidelines and standards is to protect the best examples of these existing Guidelines and Standards historic period buildings, and to enhance the character of this major entrance to Special Considerations the Village. There is no one proper A Concept Enhancement Plan is architectural style, but the design included in Attachment "A" to facilitate element and "automobile age" character the goals for the district. The Plan of this era and the use of elements or shows areas planned for auto retail scale found in adjacent buildings is uses, visitor serving uses and shared encouraged. Examples include historic parking. "Route 66" style building elements and architectural styles such as "Streamline 1. Along a portion of the east side of Moderne" and "Art Deco". Examples of Station Way, both sides of Traffic Way, such elements are shown in aa4 along the south side of Fair Oaks photographs at the end of this section. Avenue between Freeway 101 and Traffic Way, and on the southeast of the intersection of E. Cherry Avenue and Traffic Way (APN's 007-483-009, 010, 011, 033, 039, and 040; 007-542-007, 015, 021, and 023; 007-594-017, 018, Page 1 Item 9.c. - Page 8 027, and 029; 007-621-076, 077, and storage shall be designed as part of the 078), permitted use shall be limited to overall project or building. automobile and light truck sales and services, or related automotive parts 4. Landscaping should retain existing stores, repair shops, and similar vehicle trees and add feature areas or strips of sales, services and accessory uses. planting to achieve screening or softening of building and outdoor display All other Permitted uses and Minor Use areas visible from public streets. Street Permitted uses shall be considered trees shall be incorporated where subject to Conditional Use Permit, functional circulation will not be including a finding that vehicle sales and obstructed. Street trees and sidewalk services and /or the similar related uses planters within the public right of way prescribed are not feasible due to site should be supplemented with private specific building and/or property street yard planting, landscape strips or configuration and conditions. feature areas to enhance appearance and encourage outdoor uses. 2. OR the seutheast of the "'ccT:cct�rr GheFFy AVeRue aR d TFaffin Way 5. Streetscape improvements shall (AIDN's QQ7 621 001 and 007 621 , conform to the established sidewalk FeFFRrtterd use shall he limited to visitor paving, lighting and street furniture, SeFVORg 'SeS ie idiee FRetels, a fixture and feature designs approved by related aGGessoFy uces the City. All ether ❑ermltterd uses anal Miner I Ice 6. The desired configurations and Permitted uses shall he eerisiidereid locations for off-street parking lots, in s bjeGt to GE)R ditienal Use ❑eFFRit order of preference, are: iRGlU,dine „ fiR diRg that Visitor seFViees is a. Double loaded aisle to side or rear rnTtfeasible .due to speeifie b iil.diRg of building on-site. and/er ereeeFty eenfigWatien aR d b. Shared double loaded aisle to side ^tt'^R,. or rear of building partially on-site and part off-site on neighboring Site Design parcel. 1. All new projects or renovations shall c. Shared off-site or public parking lot adhere to site development standards of within 200 feet. the Development Code. d. Single or double loaded aisle in front of building(s). 2. Buildings and sales uses shall be oriented to the public street while Building Design service, storage and accessory uses 1. Buildings shall be one to three shall be oriented away from the street to stories, small to moderate scale, have interior areas of the site. horizontal massing and include both pedestrian and vehicle-oriented features 3. All accessory structures or functions, evident from public streets, particularly including off-street parking, service Traffic Way. buildings and enclosures for service areas, trash containers or outdoor Page 2 Item 9.c. - Page 9 2. Along both sides of Traffic Way and process. The use of limited florescent, the south side of Fair Oaks Avenue, "neon" or "day-glo" colors on building building material textures and colors facades may be allowed if used to shall be consistent with the character of depict the "automobile age" era. the best examples of "automobile age" (1920's through 1950's) buildings in the 8. Color palettes should be compatible area. On side streets east of Traffic Way with those of adjoining buildings. adjoining Village Mixed Use District (D- 2.4) the building materials, textures and colors, as well as architectural character Signs should transition to Historic district Signs shall be architecturally integrated, design guidelines and standards, meet all requirements of the including elements of both eras. Development Code and the provision of these guidelines and standards. If a 3. The height, lot coverage and floor to conflict exists, the most restrictive area ratio of new buildings shall not requirements shall apply. exceed the development standards allowed in Title 16 of the Municipal Code However, because of the unique nature, for the TMU district, unless the project multiple functions and special adjoins the VMU district in which case characteristics of the combination of those standards may be allowed. new and used car, truck and/or other vehicle and related retail and accessory 4. To the extent feasible, original uses, the approval of Minor Use Permits structures and materials, and or Conditional Use Permits may include architectural details should be integrated design exceptions including height, size into project design and retained, and total area of signage allowed. renovated, or replaced with materials and features that match or reflect the 1. Color and materials samples shall be original design. submitted as part of the permitting process. The use of limited florescent, 5. Construction materials should be "neon" or "day-glo" colors on building compatible with those used on adjacent facades may be allowed if used to developments. New buildings should depict the "automobile age" era. incorporate traditional materials, but should not attempt, or pretend to be 2. Signs should be located historic. Victorian period details should symmetrically in relation to fagade bays not be used when not in context with the and should not obstruct architectural building. features of the building. 6. The number of colors used on a 3. Wall signs should be located above building or project should be kept to a the entry to the building to better relate minimum, to include a base color, trim to pedestrian traffic. color and accent colors. 4. Window and door signs should be 7. Color and materials samples shall be applied where they will not obstruct submitted as part of the permitting visibility. Page 3 Item 9.c. - Page 10 5. Signs on awnings or canopies should � n, II be placed where they may be seen by pedestrians as well as by passing traffic. '' 6. Temporary banners to meet franchisex�k agreement requirements for large scale automobile retail uses provided that: B a i I1011lllllllllll llu IrT�un� 1. Only two 2 banners are displayed at any given time; Example of art deco inspired architecture: 2. The banners are no larger than Former Volkswagen Showroom Building (circa forty-eight (48) square feet each; 1937), and Maple and Olympic Boulevard, South Beverly 3. The banners are displayed no Hilts more than thirty (30) days every two (2) months. G b d E tra ri trbur Examples of Architectural Elements P FORIZONTAL VERTICAL PRIMARY FACADE i %f n G�� CORNICE FACADE SIGN MOLDINGS Typical art deco inspired architecture: Greyhound Depot in Ohio (courtesy Andrew Wood) 'NINGO'"'d EULIC- PILASTER ADDRESS GIS LAY TRANSOM SIGNS HEAD NUMBERS WINDOWS WI MEOWS i r ORNAMENTAL ENTRANCE PROJECTING L INEWORK ON WIN LOWS DOOR PEDESTRIAN SIGN {p�irt of window sgpM Example of a fagade that incorporates Streamline-Modern style architecture Page 4 Item 9.c. - Page 11 Station Way subject to Conditional Use Permit, including a finding that visitor services is Purpose of this Design Overlay not feasible due to site specific building District and/or property configuration and conditions. The primary purposes of this district are to encourage the use of design that will 2. A shared parking facility should be complement the neighboring Village considered at the interior portion of districts and provide a transition the parcels located at 208, 210 and between these districts and the Traffic 216 Traffic Way (APNs 007-483-41, Way corridor. The predominant design 42 and 7). for the Station Way area are wood-sided or smooth plaster single and two-story Site Design structures with green ribbed metal roofs 1. All new projects or renovations shall as depicted by the Village Promenade. adhere to site development standards of IJIJJ the Development Code. 2. Buildings and sales uses shall be oriented to the public street while storage, parking and accessory uses shall be oriented away from the street to interior areas of the site. 3. All accessory structures including off- street parking, service buildings and enclosures for service areas, trash containers or outdoor storage shall be designed as part of the overall project or building. Special Considerations A Concept Enhancement Plan is 4. Landscaping should retain existing included in Attachment "A" to facilitate trees and add feature areas or strips of the goals for the district. The Plan planting to achieve screening and shows areas planned for visitor serving softening of structures and parking and uses and shared parking. highlight pedestrian walkways and public areas. Street trees shall be 1. Southeast of the intersection of E. incorporated where functional circulation Grand Avenue and Freeway 101, will not be obstructed. on the parcel behind the Chevron Station (APN 007,481,006) 5. Streetscape improvements shall permitted use shall be limited to conform to the established sidewalk visitor serving uses, and related paving, lighting and street furniture, accessory uses. fixture and feature designs approved by the City. All other Permitted uses and Minor Use Permitted uses shall be considered Page 5 Item 9.c. - Page 12 6. The desired configurations and developments. New buildings should locations for off-street parking lots, in incorporate traditional materials and order of preference, are: reflect agrarian features. a. Shared double loaded aisle to side 5. The number of colors used on a or rear of building partially on-site building or project should be three or and partially off-site on neighboring fewer, to include a base color, trim color parcels. and single accent color. b. Single or double loaded aisle in front of building(s) with substantial 6. Color and materials samples shall be landscaping. submitted as part of the ARC process. c. Shared off-site or public parking lot The use of florescent, "neon" or "day- within 200 feet. glo" colors is not appropriate. Building Design 7. Color palettes should be compatible Materials and Colors with those of adjoining buildings. Signs 1. Buildings shall be one or two story, Signs shall meet all requirements of the horizontally massed, and small to Development Code and the provision of moderate scale structures, with these guidelines and standards. If a pedestrian features evident from public conflict exists, the most restrictive streets, particularly Station Way. requirements shall apply unless On the east side of Station Way the otherwise approved by ARC. established materials, textures and 1. Color and materials samples shall be colors of the existing buildings shall be submitted as part of the ARC process. utilized or reflected in the building, The use of florescent, "neon" or "day- landscape and signage designs. glo" colors is not appropriate. 2. The height, lot coverage and floor to 2. Signs should not obstruct area ratio of new buildings shall not architectural features of the building. exceed the development standards allowed in Title 16 of the Municipal Code 3. Wall signs should be located above for the VMU district. the entry to the building to better relate 3. To the extent feasible, original to pedestrian traffic. structures and materials, and 4. Window and door signs should be architectural details should be integrated applied where they will not obstruct into project design and retained, visibility. renovated, or replaced with materials and features that match or reflect the 5. Signs on awnings or canopies should original design. be placed where they may be seen by 4. Construction materials should be pedestrians as well as by passing traffic. compatible with those used on adjacent Page 6 Item 9.c. - Page 13 6. Temporary banners to meet franchise agreement requirements for large scale automobile retail uses provided that: 1. Only two (2) banners are displayed at any given time; 2. The banners are no larger than forty-eight (48) square feet each; and 3. The banners are displayed no more than thirty (30) days every two (2) months. Page 7 Item 9.c. - Page 14 ATTACHMENT 1 b J / r l � l/iii����j iii% 1^�� a r✓,f f/J y ;% ` ��/ Subject Property 1 k / � 1> � e Item 9.c. - Page 15 PLANNING COMMISSION ATTACHMENT 2 MINUTES JANUARY 7, 2014 BO U ARD/JAMES WAY INTERSECTION); APPLIED FOR BY RUSS SHEPPEL", as modified t dd the following Conditions of Approval: vehicular access through the lower (eastern) drive be limited to ingress and emergency vehicles due to safety concerns; proposed directional si 1 be modified to state that only emergency vehicles may exit through the lower driveway; propos irection signs #4 and #6 be removed; the parking requirement shall include 20 parking spaces fo a employees at the memory care facility and the parking in the townhome garages not be counte ward total parking. Commissioner Goss seconded, and the motion passed on the following roll vote: AYES: Martin, Goss, Russom, Keen NOES: Sperow ABSENT: None The Commission took at break at 8:40 pm and reconvened at 8:50 pm. 8.b CONSIDERATION OF STAFF PROJECT 13-007; RESOLUTION AMENDING THE DESIGN GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FOR DESIGN OVERLAY DISTRICT (D-2.11)-TRAFFIC WAY AND STATION WAY Assistant Planner Downing presented the staff report recommending the Planning Commission recommend the City Council adopt a Resolution amending the Design Guidelines and Standards for the Traffic Way and Station Way Design Overlay District (D-2.11). Assistant Planner Downing responded to questions from the Commission regarding the proposed project. Presiding Officer Keen opened the public hearing and upon hearing no comments closed the public hearing. Action: Commissioner Sperow moved to adopt a resolution entitled: °A RESOLUTION OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF ARROYO GRANDE RECOMMENDING THE CITY COUNCIL ADOPT A RESOLUTION APPROVING STAFF PROJECT 13-007; AMENDING THE DESIGN GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FOR DESIGN OVERLAY DISTRICT (D-2.11) — TRAFFIC WAY AND STATION WAY". Commissioner. Russom seconded, and the motion passed on the following roll call vote: AYES: Sperow, Russom, Goss, Martin, Keen NOES: None ABSENT: None ON-PUBLIC HEARING ITEM 9.a. Election o cers Presiding Officer Keen pres ed the staff report and recommended that the Planning Commission elect a Chair and Vice it to hold office effective its second meeting in January 2014, and continuing until its second regula eeting in March 2014. Presiding Officer Keen nominated Jennifer Martin as Cha ommissioner Sperow seconded. Item 9.c. - Page 16 �p it FA JS, Co w 2 cn cn " F � = ra, CL i �/ }+ wu cn cn � ♦, L ch cn o C� cn Q �